Caracal vs Monster

AtCoder

IDabc153_d

Time2000ms

Memory256MB

Difficulty—

Caracal is fighting with a monster. The _health_ of the monster is $H$. Caracal can attack by choosing one monster. When a monster is attacked, depending on that monster's health, the following happens: * If the monster's health is $1$, it drops to $0$. * If the monster's health, $X$, is greater than $1$, that monster disappears. Then, two new monsters appear, each with the health of $\lfloor X/2 \rfloor$. ($\lfloor r \rfloor$ denotes the greatest integer not exceeding $r$.) Caracal wins when the healths of all existing monsters become $0$ or below. Find the minimum number of attacks Caracal needs to make before winning. ## Constraints * $1 \leq H \leq 10^{12}$ * All values in input are integers. ## Input Input is given from Standard Input in the following format: $H$ [samples]

Samples

Input #1

Output #1

3

When Caracal attacks the initial monster, it disappears, and two monsters appear, each with the health of $1$.
Then, Caracal can attack each of these new monsters once and win with a total of three attacks.

Input #2

Output #2

Input #3

1000000000000

Output #3

1099511627775

API Response (JSON)

{
  "problem": {
    "name": "Caracal vs Monster",
    "description": {
      "content": "Caracal is fighting with a monster. The _health_ of the monster is $H$. Caracal can attack by choosing one monster. When a monster is attacked, depending on that monster's health, the following happen",
      "description_type": "Markdown"
    },
    "platform": "AtCoder",
    "limit": {
      "time_limit": 2000,
      "memory_limit": 262144
    },
    "difficulty": "None",
    "is_remote": true,
    "is_sync": true,
    "sync_url": null,
    "sign": "abc153_d"
  },
  "statements": [
    {
      "statement_type": "Markdown",
      "content": "Caracal is fighting with a monster.\nThe _health_ of the monster is $H$.\nCaracal can attack by choosing one monster. When a monster is attacked, depending on that monster's health, the following happen...",
      "is_translate": false,
      "language": "English"
    }
  ]
}

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