abcabab ab
3 The concatenation of three copies of $t$, `ababab`, is a substring of the concatenation of two copies of $s$, `abcabababcabab`, so $i = 3$ satisfies the condition. On the other hand, the concatenation of four copies of $t$, `abababab`, is not a substring of the concatenation of any number of copies of $s$, so $i = 4$ does not satisfy the condition. Similarly, any integer greater than $4$ does not satisfy the condition, either. Thus, the number of non-negative integers $i$ satisfying the condition is finite, and the maximum value of such $i$ is $3$.
aa aaaaaaa
\-1 For any non-negative integer $i$, the concatenation of $i$ copies of $t$ is a substring of the concatenation of $4i$ copies of $s$. Thus, there are infinitely many non-negative integers $i$ that satisfy the condition.
aba baaab
0 As stated in Notes, $i = 0$ always satisfies the condition.
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