C. Sort?

Codeforces
IDCF10288C
Time1000ms
Memory256MB
Difficulty
English · Original
Formal · Original
Hamza has created the following sorting algorithm: To sort an array, he calls sort(1). He doesn't know how the array ends up after running the algorithm (sorted?), so he's asking for your help. The first line contains a single integer $n$ $(1 <= n <= 10^5)$ — the length of the array. The second line contains $n$ space-separated integers denoting the array $a$ $(0 <= a_i <= 10^9)$. Print the final array after running the algorithm on it. *For simplicity, in this portion of the problem, we'll consider the least significant $3$ bits.* The $a n d$ between two integers $x$ and $y$ is the bitwise anding between the two numbers: $1$ $a n d$ $0$ $=$ $0$ $a n d$ $1$ $=$ $0$ $a n d$ $0$ $=$ $0$ $1$ $a n d$ $1$ $=$ $1$ For example: $7_{10}$ $a n d$ $5_{10}$ $=$ $5_{10}$ $7_{10}$ $=$ $111_2$, $5_{10}$ $=$ $101_2$ $111_2$ $a n d$ $101_2$ $=$ $101_2$ = $5_{10}$ The not of an integer $x$ is taking the complement of the integer (flipping it bits): $n o t$ $0$ $=$ $1$ $n o t$ $1$ $=$ $0$ For example: $n o t$ $5_{10}$ $=$ $2_{10}$ Explanation: $5_{10}$ $=$ $101_2$ $n o t$ $101_2$ = $010_2$ = $2_{10}$ ## Input The first line contains a single integer $n$ $(1 <= n <= 10^5)$ — the length of the array.The second line contains $n$ space-separated integers denoting the array $a$ $(0 <= a_i <= 10^9)$. ## Output Print the final array after running the algorithm on it. [samples] ## Note *For simplicity, in this portion of the problem, we'll consider the least significant $3$ bits.*The $a n d$ between two integers $x$ and $y$ is the bitwise anding between the two numbers: $1$ $a n d$ $0$ $=$ $0$ $a n d$ $1$ $=$ $0$ $a n d$ $0$ $=$ $0$$1$ $a n d$ $1$ $=$ $1$For example:$7_(10)$ $a n d$ $5_(10)$ $=$ $5_(10)$$7_(10)$ $=$ $111_2$, $5_(10)$ $=$ $101_2$$111_2$ $a n d$ $101_2$ $=$ $101_2$ = $5_(10)$The not of an integer $x$ is taking the complement of the integer (flipping it bits):$n o t$ $0$ $=$ $1$$n o t$ $1$ $=$ $0$For example:$n o t$ $5_(10)$ $=$ $2_(10)$Explanation:$5_(10)$ $=$ $101_2$$n o t$ $101_2$ = $010_2$ = $2_(10)$
**Definitions** Let $ n \in \mathbb{Z}^+ $ with $ 1 \leq n < 10^{105} $. Let $ D = \{0, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9\} $ be the set of visible digits. Define a mapping $ f: D \to D $ for 180-degree rotation: $$ f(0) = 0, \quad f(2) = 5, \quad f(5) = 2, \quad f(6) = 9, \quad f(8) = 8, \quad f(9) = 6 $$ Let $ A = (a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n) \in D^n $ be a digit sequence (allowing leading zeros). Let $ B = (b_1, b_2, \dots, b_n) $ be the rotated sequence, where $ b_i = f(a_{n+1-i}) $. We require $ A = B $, i.e., $ a_i = f(a_{n+1-i}) $ for all $ i \in \{1, \dots, n\} $. **Constraints** - $ n \in \mathbb{Z}^+ $, $ 1 \leq n < 10^{105} $ - Each $ a_i \in D $ **Objective** Count the number of sequences $ A \in D^n $ such that $ a_i = f(a_{n+1-i}) $ for all $ i = 1, \dots, n $, modulo $ 998244353 $. Let $ m = \left\lceil \frac{n}{2} \right\rceil $. For each position $ i \in \{1, \dots, m\} $, the pair $ (a_i, a_{n+1-i}) $ must satisfy $ a_i = f(a_{n+1-i}) $. - If $ n $ is odd, the middle digit $ a_{(n+1)/2} $ must satisfy $ a_i = f(a_i) $, i.e., fixed points of $ f $: $ \{0, 8\} $ (2 choices). - For each symmetric pair $ (i, n+1-i) $ with $ i < n+1-i $, the number of valid pairs $ (x, y) \in D \times D $ such that $ x = f(y) $ and $ y = f(x) $ is the number of self-paired digits under $ f $: Valid pairs: $ (0,0), (2,5), (5,2), (6,9), (9,6), (8,8) $ → 6 valid unordered pairs, but since $ x = f(y) $ uniquely determines $ y $, we count the number of $ x \in D $ such that $ f(f(x)) = x $ and $ x = f(y) $ for some $ y $. Actually, each valid $ x \in D $ has a unique $ y = f(x) $, and the constraint $ a_i = f(a_{n+1-i}) $ means we choose $ a_i \in D $, then $ a_{n+1-i} $ is forced to $ f(a_i) $. But for the pair to be consistent, we require $ a_{n+1-i} = f(a_i) $, and then $ a_i = f(a_{n+1-i}) = f(f(a_i)) $. So we require $ f(f(a_i)) = a_i $. Check: - $ f(f(0)) = f(0) = 0 $ ✓ - $ f(f(2)) = f(5) = 2 $ ✓ - $ f(f(5)) = f(2) = 5 $ ✓ - $ f(f(6)) = f(9) = 6 $ ✓ - $ f(f(8)) = f(8) = 8 $ ✓ - $ f(f(9)) = f(6) = 9 $ ✓ So **every** $ x \in D $ satisfies $ f(f(x)) = x $. Therefore, for each symmetric pair, we may choose $ a_i \in D $ arbitrarily, and then $ a_{n+1-i} = f(a_i) $ is determined. Thus, for each of the $ \left\lfloor \frac{n}{2} \right\rfloor $ symmetric pairs, we have $ |D| = 6 $ choices. For the center digit (if $ n $ is odd), we need $ a_{\text{mid}} = f(a_{\text{mid}}) $, i.e., fixed points of $ f $: $ \{0, 8\} $ → 2 choices. Thus, total number of valid sequences: $$ \begin{cases} 6^{n/2} & \text{if } n \text{ even} \\ 6^{(n-1)/2} \cdot 2 & \text{if } n \text{ odd} \end{cases} $$ **Answer** $$ \boxed{ \begin{cases} 6^{n/2} \mod 998244353 & \text{if } n \text{ even} \\ 2 \cdot 6^{(n-1)/2} \mod 998244353 & \text{if } n \text{ odd} \end{cases} } $$
API Response (JSON)
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    "name": "C. Sort?",
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      "content": "Hamza has created the following sorting algorithm:\n\nTo sort an array, he calls sort(1).\n\nHe doesn't know how the array ends up after running the algorithm (sorted?), so he's asking for your help.\n\nThe...",
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      "content": "**Definitions**  \nLet $ n \\in \\mathbb{Z}^+ $ with $ 1 \\leq n < 10^{105} $.  \nLet $ D = \\{0, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9\\} $ be the set of visible digits.  \nDefine a mapping $ f: D \\to D $ for 180-degree rotation:  ...",
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